Lời giải:
Trên tia đối tia $CB$ lấy $N$ sao cho $CB=CN$

\(|\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{BC}|=|\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CN}|=|\overrightarrow{MN}|\)

Xét tam giác $BMC$ và $ADI$ có:

$\widehat{B}=\widehat{A}=90^0$

$\widehat{D}=\widehat{M}$ (cùng bù $\widehat{AMC})$

Do đó 2 tam giác này đồng dạng

$\Rightarrow \frac{BM}{BC}=\frac{AD}{AI}$

$\Rightarrow BM=BC.\frac{AD}{AI}=\frac{2BC^2}{AB}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}a}{4}$

$BN=2BC=a\sqrt{3}$

Do đó, áp dụng định lý Pitago:

$|\overrightarrow{MN}|=MN=\sqrt{BM^2+BN^2}=\frac{\sqrt{66}a}{4}$

Hình vẽ:

a, \(AC=\dfrac{AB}{sin45^o}=\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}=a\sqrt{2}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AC}=AB.AC.cos\widehat{BAC}=a.a\sqrt{2}.cos45^o=a^2\)

b, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\overrightarrow{AC}\left(\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=AC.BD.cos90^o+AC.AD.cos45^o\)

\(=a\sqrt{2}.a\sqrt{2}.0+a\sqrt{2}.a.\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=a^2\)

c, \(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{BD}=AB.BD.cos135^o=-a.a\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=-a^2\)

d, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\left(2\overrightarrow{AD}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\overrightarrow{BC}.\left(\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BC}.\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BC}.\overrightarrow{BD}\)

\(=AD^2+BC.BD.cos45^o\)

\(=a^2+a.a\sqrt{2}.\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=2a^2\)

e, \(\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{DC}\right)\)

\(=\left(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)\)

\(=4.\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{DB}=4.AC.DB.cos90^o=0\)

Ta có: \(3\left( {\overrightarrow {AB}  + 2\overrightarrow {BC} } \right) - 2\left( {\overrightarrow {AB}  + 3\overrightarrow {BC} } \right)\)\( = 3\overrightarrow {AB}  + 3.\left( {2\overrightarrow {BC} } \right) - \left[ {2\overrightarrow {AB}  + 2.\left( {3\overrightarrow {BC} } \right)} \right]\)

\[ = 3\overrightarrow {AB}  + 6.\overrightarrow {BC}  - \left( {2\overrightarrow {AB}  + 6.\overrightarrow {BC} } \right)\]\[ = 3\overrightarrow {AB}  + 6.\overrightarrow {BC}  - 2\overrightarrow {AB}  - 6.\overrightarrow {BC} \]

\[ = \left( {3\overrightarrow {AB}  - 2\overrightarrow {AB} } \right) + \left( {6.\overrightarrow {BC}  - 6.\overrightarrow {BC} } \right) = \overrightarrow {AB} .\]

Bài 2:

\(\left|\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{BA}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AC}\right|=AC=a\sqrt{2}\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right|=CB=a\)

\(\overrightarrow{AD}=\overrightarrow{BC}\Rightarrow T=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+3\overrightarrow{AD}\right|\)

\(T^2=AB^2+9AD^2+6\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AD}\) (để ý rằng AB, AD vuông góc nên \(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AD}=0\))

\(T^2=AB^2+9AD^2=2^2+9.3^2=85\)

\(\Rightarrow T=\sqrt{85}\)

Do tam giác ABC vuông tại A và \(\widehat{B}=30^o\) \(\Rightarrow C=60^o\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=150^o;\)\(\left(\overrightarrow{BA},\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=30^o;\left(\overrightarrow{AC},\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=120^o\)

\(\left(\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=90^o;\left(\overrightarrow{BC},\overrightarrow{BA}\right)=30^o\).Do vậy:

a) \(\cos\left(\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{BC}\right)+\sin\left(\overrightarrow{BA},\overrightarrow{BC}\right)+\tan\frac{\left(\overrightarrow{AC},\overrightarrow{CB}\right)}{2}\)

\(=\cos150^o+\sin30^o+\tan60^o\)

\(=-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{3}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{2}\)

b) \(\sin\left(\overrightarrow{AB},\overrightarrow{AC}\right)+\cos\left(\overrightarrow{BC},\overrightarrow{AB}\right)+\cos\left(\overrightarrow{CA},\overrightarrow{BA}\right)\)

\(=\sin90^o+\cos30^o+\cos0^o\)

\(=1+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

\(=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

Tham khảo:

A. Ta có: \(\left( {\overrightarrow {AB} ,\overrightarrow {BD} } \right) = \left( {\overrightarrow {BE} ,\overrightarrow {BD} } \right) = {135^o} \ne {45^o}.\) Vậy A sai.

B. Ta có: \(\left( {\overrightarrow {AC} ,\overrightarrow {BC} } \right) = \left( {\overrightarrow {CF} ,\overrightarrow {CG} } \right) = {45^o}\) và  \(\overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {BC}  = AC.BC.\cos {45^o} = a\sqrt 2 .a.\frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2} = {a^2}.\)

Vậy B đúng.

Chọn B

C. Dễ thấy \(AC \bot BD\) nên \(\overrightarrow {AC} .\overrightarrow {BD}  = 0 \ne {a^2}\sqrt 2.\) Vậy C sai.

D. Ta có: \(\left( {\overrightarrow {BA} .\overrightarrow {BD} } \right) = {45^o}\) \( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {BA} .\overrightarrow {BD}  = BA.BD.\cos {45^o} = a.a\sqrt 2 .\frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2} = {a^2} \ne  - {a^2}.\) Vậy D sai.